Resting Potential: The resting potential is the negative electrical charge across the neuron's membrane when it is not actively transmitting a signal, maintained by the unequal distribution of ions like potassium and sodium.
Depolarization:Depolarization is the change in the membrane potential to a more positive value (less negative) due to the influx of positive ions, which is a necessary step to initiate an action potential.
Repolarization:Repolarization is the return of the membrane potential to its negative resting value following depolarization, primarily caused by the efflux of positive potassium ions.
Hyperpolarization:Hyperpolarization is a state where the membrane potential becomes even more negative than the resting potential, making it more difficult for the neuron to generate a subsequent action potential.
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